Taking a Look at the Formalist Theory - 1241 Words

The formalist approach of the four main types of literary criticisms, closely follow the idea of close reading and emphasis on the text itself. Formalists invest time on the work of the author to determine the meaning. They focus on structure, imagery, symbols, setting, and themes, completely disregarding all other types of ideologies. In the text, â€Å"To Build a Fire,† by Jack London, these literary elements flood the story, allowing it to be seen from a different perspective and giving it a whole new meaning. The formalist approach will make the reader take into account all the different factors such as: characters, situational irony, similes, and the use of symbolic vocabulary in relationship to tension and ambiguity. All of these literary elements are not to be looked at individually, but by being put together it will accurately describe the reader’s experience. London’s use of all the various elements such as: imagery, characters, symbols, setting, and the me allows the reader to believe that there is a different meaning behind the authors work. These literary elements may have also been used in numerous locations in his text to allow us to uncover these hidden messages and meanings. As London wrote, â€Å"To Build a Fire†, he didn’t want just a simple story about a man on a journey through the Yukon, but a journey with twists. He wanted to place a deeper meaning behind some items or objects that he used but didn’t mention in great detail. Formalists tend to pay closeShow MoreRelatedFice Of Fair Trading V Abbey National Lord Phillips Essay1888 Words   |  8 Pagesperspectives of the formalists, what was their view of applying rules. Continuing onto the American Legal Realists views, assumptions and looking at their two main critiques of formalism, rule and fact scepticism. We shall also review the theories of H.L.A. Hart regarding the application of legal rules. By analysing some modern day cases and examples we will further compare and contrast formalism, realism and Hart. Finally we shall review aspects of the essay and draw conclusions. Formalists were legalRead MoreIn The Case Of The Office Of Fair Trading V Abbey National11885 Words   |  8 Pagesperspectives of the formalists, what was their view of applying rules. Continuing onto the American Legal Realists views, assumptions and looking at their two main critiques of formalism, rule and fact scepticism. We shall also review the theories of H.L.A. Hart regarding the application of legal rules. By analysing some modern day cases and examples we will further compare and contrast formalism, realism and Hart. Finally we shall review aspects of the essay and draw conclusions. Formalists were legalRead MoreArchitecture: Words or Shapes2756 Words   |  12 Pagesimportant to architecture, its shape or the words that describe it? Aesthetic theory is a greatly important topic in the realm of architecture. It dictates how we view architecture, what makes it beautiful and why it is important to us. This is why there has been so much debate on the topic throughout history. The debate has developed over time and continues today with numerous theorists bringing their ideas forward and taking different positions on the topic. Position This paper holds the positionRead MoreAbuse of Power in Heart of Darkness and in Frankenstein1614 Words   |  7 Pages- like yours - the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar. Ugly. Yes, it was ugly enough’ Throughout the book Marlow refers the natives as ‘ugly’ and strips them of humanity. Looking at Conrad’s masterpiece from a formalist point of view would certainly lead us to believe that he is distancing himself from his work to avoid racist claims that comments like this are inevitably going to provoke, however during the period that Conrad wrote the book (the late 1890s) framedRead MoreThree Basic Theories of Art Criticism1097 Words   |  4 Pagesthree basic theories of art criticism and explain each one. Just like everything else in life, art has its critics. Art criticism is the expression used to describe the act of making selective judgments, both positive and negative, about an art piece. Just as art is so diversely expressed and interpreted, those who critique it also have various methods and use various standards when criticizing an art piece. There are many theories critics use to evaluate art but there are three basic theories most commonlyRead MoreFear Oneself : Freud s View On Psychoanalysis Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pageshis process through his essay The Uncanny by explaining how something that is uncanny is considered terrifying â€Å"because it is not known and familiar† (418). He also mentions the works of other authors and how they resemble to uncanniness. Freud’s theory does have its advantages on different characters in different stories when readers can examine and understand how they live out their lives and find ways of relieving them of their pers onal problems however; it doesn’t necessarily help them dealRead MoreAmelie: Interesting Premise and Beautiful Cinematography Essay2478 Words   |  10 Pageswe are assigned to watch one international film and study it thereafter. We are to identify its genre and its particular conventions such as themes, sub-themes and etc. However, the main idea of this assignment is the film theory. We are to apply one of the nine film theories into our film choices and analyze it thoroughly in terms of mise-en scene, narrative structure, character interaction and any other criteria. For our film selection, we have gone through and watched a few international filmsRead MoreFilm Analysis Of The Lion King1845 Words   |  8 Pagesextraordinary animated film from the Walt Disney Collection. The film uses many theatrical features such as the choice of sound and music, lighting, and the actors and actresses’ voices behind the characters. I will be analyzing this film through formalist theory. â€Å"A formalist approach to analysis is concerned with film form, or how the basic elements are organized to convey certain meanings.† (Goodykoontz Jacobs, 2014) Contextual Information †¢ Title- The Lion King †¢ Directors- Ron Minkoff RogerRead MoreEssay on Like water for chocolate6961 Words   |  28 Pagessister was prohibited to marry so that she could take care of her mother in old age, and so I created Tita, my protagonist. Sacrificed by her mother, Tita is able to bring to fruition her love and do away with that terrible tradition of the youngest taking charge of the mother.† Romance/The Romantic Novel The term romance refers to works replete with excitement, passion, mystery, and action. A number of critics have described Esquivel’s novel as a romance. According to Holmon and Harmon’s A HandbookRead MoreFilm Review-Hunger Games3033 Words   |  13 Pagessuccessful award winning fantasy film that captured the hearts of audiences world-wide through storytelling, acting, cinematography, editing and sound. The purpose of this review is to explore those elements and the film’s overall textual themes from a formalist approach. The film derives from the science fiction novel written in 2008 by Suzanne Collins. â€Å"The Hunger Games is directed by Gary Ross, with a screenplay by Gary Ross, Suzanne Collins and Billy Ray, and produced by Nina Jacobson’s Color Force

Essay about Their Eyes Were Watching God - 1889 Words

Speech is arguably the primary source of communication for humanity, enabling us to experience and share life with one other through our words. However, we see a different path of life in Janie, the main character in the book Their Eyes Were Watching God. Janie’s character evolves with using control of silence to her benefit, helping her find what she has always struggled to have: Individuality and independence. The relationships Janie has with her three husbands revolve around three versions of silence, while in pursuit of what she calls her â€Å"pear tree†, her true love. Logan forces silence from Janie which becomes an oppressor; Joe exploits Janie’s silence and uses it as a manipulator; and Janie’s only true love, Tea Cake, allows Janie†¦show more content†¦He believes that by being the oppressor, he is fulfilling his duties as the husband. â€Å"You ain’t got no particular place. It’s wherever Ah need yuh. Git uh move on yuh , and dat quick.† (Pg. 31) Janie continues to suffer Logan’s demands but envisions a better life for herself with Joe Starks; she debates whether she should leave Logan for Joe. While she contemplates this decision, Logan commands she help with the manure pile, but she refuses to do so. Logan then declares: â€Å"Ah’m too honest and hard-workin’ for anybody in yo’ family, dat’s de reason you don’t want me!†(Pg.32) She is appalled at what she hears and finally comes to a breaking point. He continually degrades her by relentlessly reminding her of her up bringing, arguing that she is trying to bring him down to her low standards. Janie realizes she has endured Logan’s degrading remarks and disrespect for long enough. She refuses to follow the path of her mother and grandmother who were repeatedly abused. Janie knows that she will never love Logan; he will not fit as her pear-tree. The next morning, she deserts her miserabl e marriage with Logan and continues down the road to a new adventure, where Joe Starks awaits. Janie eagerly begins her new life with Joe and travels with him to Eatonville. Joe begins to whip the town into shape and molds it into a very established community, which causes Janie to be very proud. At the lighting ceremony in the newShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1064 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant than death. In Zora Neale Hurston’s famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie Crawford is plagued by the deaths of loved ones. Janie moves from caregiver to caregiver searching for true love and happiness, only to have it stripped away from her once she finds it in her third husband Tea Cake. At the end of the novel, having realized true love and loss, Janie is a whole woman. Their Eyes Were Watching God portrays the growth of the human spirit through both the emotionalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesshort st ory â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the intersection of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God932 Words   |  4 PagesJanie Crawford: The Woman Whose Clothing Conveys Her Relationships In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the protagonist, Janie, endures two marriages before finding true love. In each of Janie’s marriages, a particular article of clothing is used to symbolically reflect, not only her attitude at different phases in her life, but how she is treated in each relationship. In Janie’s first marriage with Logan Killicks, an apron is used to symbolize the obligation in her marriage. â€Å"Read MoreAnalysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God 1061 Words   |  5 PagesDivision: Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in 1937 by Zora Neale Hurston. This story follows a young girl by the name of Janie Crawford. Janie Crawford lived with her grandmother in Eatonville, Florida. Janie was 16 Years old when her grandmother caught her kissing a boy out in the yard. After seeing this her grandmother told her she was old enough to get married, and tells her she has found her a husband by the name of Logan. Logan was a muchRead More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. She is a very strong willed, independent person. She is able to defy a low class, unhappy life because of these factors, even though the environment that she grew up and lived in was never on her side. Pheoby Watson – Janie’s best friend in Eatonville. Pheoby is the only towns person whoRead MoreWhose eyes were watching God?1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhose eyes were watching God? In the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah Winfrey manipulates events that happened in the book by Zora Neale Hurston. Oprah morphs many relationships in the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God. She changes the role of gender, and also makes changes in Janie’s character strength. Oprah also changes the symbolism in the movie to where some important symbols in the book change to less important roles. Oprah changes many important events in the book Their Eyes WereRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Hurston Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHurston In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neal Hurston is about a young woman named Janie Crawford who goes on a journey of self discovery to find her independence. The book touches on many themes like gender roles, relations, independence and racism however racism isn’t mainly focused upon in the book which some writers felt should have been. Some felt that the representation of black characters should have been better role models. Zora Hurston’s novel wasn’t like other black literature

Diagnostic Study of Chikan in Lucknow free essay sample

The rulers of Awadh, particularly the Mughals were very fond of art and cultural activities such as music, poetry, architecture and handicrafts. Besides being famous for its hot summers and a glorious past, Lucknow is also known the world over for its many fine Handicrafts. Some of the most popular names in this list are Chikankari, Hand Block Textile Printing, Zari Zardozi, Ivory or Bone Carving, Terracotta and many others that are practiced by various artisans of Lucknow. Chikankari is considered to be the most popular amongst these and is recognized worldwide. . 2 HISTORY AND TRADITION OF CHIKANKARI The art of Chikan embroidery in India is about 400 years old and it is believed that this is a Persian Craft, which came to India with Noorjahan, the queen of Jahangeer the Mughal Emperor.. At that time it was designed and practiced by her and other begams (wives) of Mughal Emperors. Chikankari flourished under the patronage of the rulers of Awadh. Later when the capital of Awadh shifted to Lucknow from Faizabad, in the year 1722, the knowledge of the craft came to Lucknow. It is informed that here the Mughals found the Hand Block Printing skills that made it easier for them to practice this embroidery, as earlier the tracing of design was very difficult. This availability of easy process of drawing of base design encouraged them to teach this fine embroidery-work to their Kaniz (servants), who in turn taught it to their other family members and gradually this embroidery become a part time earning source of many women of rural areas. The craft of Chikankari is quite distinctive and forms an integral part of life in Lucknow. The fine needlework adorned the garments made from gossamer silk fabrics and muslin for the ruling elite. The love and hard work of the artisans created delicate designs on fabrics that was reminiscent of sheer grace. 1 LUCKNOW CHIKANKARI CLUSTER They captured the beauty of intricate patterns of marble jaali and inlay work of the Mughal period monuments and developed this indigenous form of artistic embroidery called Chikan. The tradition of Chikankari has come down from families who served the ruling elite. The craftsmen with love and devotion worked on topi-palla or angarkha, for their masters, creating designs that were unmatched in beauty. With the decline in patronage, economic compulsions forced the men to look out for more lucrative employment and the craft passed on to the womenfolk of the community, as a source of subsidiary earning for the family. Gradually, it became the main source of earning for the family. In the beginning, the Mughals and Persians who settled in Awadh practiced patronized the craft but later on its touch and style were continued in Dhaka and Bengal, mainly Calcutta where Navab Wazid Ali Shah of Lucknow remain in captivity of British Rulers. Bengali work was mainly for the European market but no trace of it remains today; neither in Calcutta nor in Dhaka. In Lucknow, embroiderers used to work under the patronage of the local courts. When these declined in the mid nineteenth century Chikan-work changed from professional activity of men to a cottage industry for women. Today, it is mainly in the hands of rural Muslim women and is still a significant Industry in Lucknow. 1. 3 THE UNIQUENESS OF CHIKAN-CRAFT Due to the variety of stitching-styles involved in Chikankari, it is claimed to be one of its kind hand embroidery that is impossible to imitate in any other part of the world Chikan embroiders claim a repertoire of about thirty-two stitches, to which they give delightfully fanciful names: Double-Star Earring, Peacock Feather’s Eye. Some of the names in their local language are; Sidhual, Makra, Mandarzi, Bulbulchashm, Tajmahal, Phooljali, Phanda, Dhoom, Gol murri, Janjeera, Keel, Kangan, Bakhia, Dhania Patti, lambi Murri, Kapkapi, Karan Phool, Bijli, Ghaspatti, Rozan, Meharki, Kaj, Chameli, Chane ki Patti, Balda, Jora, Pachni, Tapchim Kauri, Hathkati Daraj of various types. Closer analysis reveals that many of these are different combinations of the same few basic stitches. 1. 4 PROCESS OF CHIKANKARI CHIKANKARI is an art, which results in the transformation of the plainest cotton and organdie into flowing yards of magic. The word â€Å"Chikan† steps from a Persian word derived from Chic, which referred to the jali work done on marble or wood. It is also famous as â€Å"shadow work† or â€Å"white embroidery work†, traditionally practiced in the city of Lucknow and its environs. Traditional Chikankari was embroidered on Muslin with a white thread. Gradually the work was started being done on other fabrics like Organdie, Malmal, Tanzeeb, Cotton and Silk. Presently all types of fabrics, namely Voil, Chiffon, Lenin, Rubia, Khadi, Handloom cloth, Terry Cotton, Polyester, Georgette, Terry voil etc are used in Chikan Embroidery. After partition the main markets of Topi Palla of Chikan Embroidery were not easily accessible because they became foreign markets for Indians. It forced the manufacturers to develop new products and they started producing Gents Kurta and after that Saris. FROM 1970 TO 1990 Some manufacturers started manufacturing Ladies Suits (with or without dupattas) and even Luncheon sets. But this period is also seen as the worst period of Chikan embroidery. Because of producing only lower value products, consumers started using the products as night wear. FROM 1990 TO 1999 This period can be referred to as the Golden Period of this cluster. New products, such as Suit lengths were developed and manufacturers started producing high value products. In this era new entrepreneurs with high ambitions entered the field and started manufacturing good quality products. Some reputed fashion designers also included Chikan Embroidery in their samples and catalogues which highlighted the Chikankari at national and international levels. FROM 1999 TO 2001 Introduction of work on Georgette has kept the manufacturers in business. An overall general business slump in the economy has been affecting this cluster also and a decline in turnover has been observed.